Citizenship in Gabon is governed by the 1998 Code de la Nationalité, which provides equal rights for men and women to transmit nationality to their children, and gives a child born in Gabon or in the frontier regions the right to acquire nationality on application at majority. Men and women also have equal rights in relation to the nationality of their spouses.

The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child has advised Gabon to take measures to increase the rate of birth registration for children.