Par Abdou Khadre Diop<\/p>\n
African Sociological Review, Vol. 26 No. 2 (2022)<\/p>\n
Abstract<\/p>\n
La question du droit \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9, d\u00e9crit pat Hannah Arendt comme \u00ab le droit d\u2019avoir des droits \u00bb, comme celle de l\u2019\u00e9radication de l\u2019apatridie, reste une pr\u00e9occupation internationale. Des conventions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9es au niveau mondial \u00e0 cet effet. N\u00e9anmoins, un probl\u00e8me sp\u00e9cifique se pose en Afrique, avec tant d\u2019acuit\u00e9 qu\u2019il n\u00e9cessite \u00ab un regard africain \u00bb : le pastoralisme transfrontalier en lien avec le droit \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9. Le pastoralisme nomade ou l\u2019\u00e9levage transhumant repr\u00e9sente un mode de vie et des moyens de subsistance pour des millions de personnes en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest. Il r\u00e9unit en grande partie plusieurs groupes ethniques historiquement li\u00e9s au pastoralisme, en particulier les Touaregs (Berb\u00e8res\/Amazigh) et les Peuls, y compris les sous-groupes peuls tels que les Mborobo. Bien que certains \u00e9leveurs soient s\u00e9dentaires, semi s\u00e9dentaires, ou ne se d\u00e9placent qu\u2019entre deux p\u00f4les de migration en fonction des saisons (transhumance), d\u2019autres n\u2019ont pas de lieu fixe et se d\u00e9placent librement sur le long terme, en fonction de variations climatiques et d\u2019autres priorit\u00e9s. Les tentatives visant \u00e0 encourager les \u00e9leveurs nomades \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9tablir ou \u00e0 se soumettre \u00e0 l\u2019autorit\u00e9 d\u2019une organisation politique centralis\u00e9e ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 des tensions au cours des p\u00e9riodes coloniales et postcoloniales. Cet article vise \u00e0 analyser le cadre juridique applicable aux groupes pastoraux afin de prot\u00e8ger leur droit fondamental \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9 en contexte de mobilit\u00e9 permanente.<\/p>\n
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The issue of the right to nationality, described by Hannah Arendt as \u201cthe right to have rights\u201d, and the eradication of statelessness remains of international concern. Conventions have been adopted and signed in this regard. However, a specific issue is at stake in Africa and requires \u201can African gaze\u201d: cross-border pastoralism related to the right to nationality. Nomadic pastoralism and migratory stock farming are a production system of livelihood and a way of life for millions of people in West Africa. This mobility with livestock herds in search of water and pasture may take place within national territories or cross borders. It gathers several ethnic groups historically associated with pastoralism, in particular the Tuareg (Berber\/Amazigh) and the Fulani, including Fulani subgroups such as the Mborobo. The arbitrary drawing of West African borders has imposed a legal barrier to pastoralist groups, and the postcolonial state has accentuated this disruption. Attempts to encourage nomadic or transhumant pastoralists to settle or acknowledge a centralized political authority has created tensions during colonial and postcolonial eras. This paper seeks to demonstrate that our legal framework and public policy are irrelevant: we should rebuild basic paradigms and reverse the Eurocentric vision of law to adapt legal framework and public policies to the needs of pastoralist communities, to empower them, to reduce their vulnerability and to facilitate their permanent mobility.<\/p>\n