South Sudan\u2019s identification ecosystem remains severely underdeveloped, limiting individuals\u2019 access to services, economic opportunities, and formal participation. An estimated 90 percent of the population lacks identification, creating barriers to financial inclusion, education, and employment, while undermining service delivery efficiency and enabling duplication and \u201cghost\u201d beneficiaries. Although a legal framework exists, implementation is weak due to capacity constraints, governance gaps, and the absence of robust data protection and cybersecurity measures. The system is further constrained by reliance on a vendor-driven infrastructure, contractual instability, and a non-functional civil registration system, with birth registration coverage below 10 percent. As a result, the ecosystem is fragmented, costly, and inaccessible particularly for rural populations leading to low demand for national ID cards. Moving forward, a more inclusive and sustainable approach requires leveraging existing databases, enabling joint enrollment, strengthening institutional frameworks, expanding access through decentralized channels, and establishing strong data protection mechanisms to build trust and support scalable, interoperable identification systems.<\/p>\n